Western Advisers and Late Qing Chinese Military Modernization: A Case Study of Constantin von Hanneken (1854-1925) / Ricardo K. S. Mak

I. Introduction
II. The Reluctant Chinese Sojourner
III. As Soldier-turned-engineer Trapped in Northeast China
IV. Hanneken's Rage
V. Conclusion

Journal of Northeast Asian History vol 10-2 (Winter, 2013)