2페이지 내용 : __________________________________________________________________________________ “Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial RevolutionIron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining” hereafter the Meiji Industrial Sites, or the Sites was approved by the 39th UNESCO World Heritage Committee unanimously as a cultural site on the World Heritage List on July 5, 2015. In order to be inscribed as World Heritage, a candidate site ought to demonstrate “Outstanding Universal Value OUV .” In this regard the Meiji Industrial Sites were seen to demonstrate universal value in terms of “the rapid industrialization of the country through the development of the steel industry, shipbuilding and coalmining,” testifying “the first successful transfer of Western industrialization to a non-Western nation i.e., Japan .” Prior to reviewing interpretative perspectives of the Meiji Industrial Sites, a survey of its physical characteristics is in order. First, the geographical range of the Sites is extensive. The Sites encompass a series of 23 component sites, scattered across eight prefectures Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Kagoshima, Yamaguchi, Iwate, and Shizuoka and eleven cities. Second, some sites have fallen into ruin or been buried underground, thus losing their original forms, such as the Hashima Coal Mine, commonly known as Gunkanjima or Battleship Island. Third, the Sites include many facilities still in operation, such as the dock and crane of the Nagasaki Shipyard, and the Miike Port. In short, the Meiji Industrial Sites are a collection of industrial sites lacking homogeneity, spread out over a wide range of land. A more fundamental question arising from the Sites’ proposition is whether or notthe
3페이지 내용 : whole 23 component sites warrant can be placed under the single rubric of the “Meiji Industrial Revolution,” as many of the Sites continued to develop and thrive beyond Japan’s industrial revolution, which is commonly dated from the Sino-Japanese War 1894 95 to the Russo-Japanese War 1904 05 The period specified for the Sites is the – – 1850s to 1910. Starting in the 1850s is understandable, given that Japan had already begun to import Western technologies even before its opening to the West. The ending date of 1910 is problematic, however, in that it does not coincide with the end of the Meiji era in 1912, and that many of the Sites witnessed further development later into the Taish 1912 26 and the imperialist Sh wa period 1926 45 ō ō – – Most probably, ending the timeline of the Heritage Sites in 1910 is a convenient choice that allows the omission of Japan’s history of colonialism and wartime mobilization of Koreans and others from the historical narrative. It is true that industrial facilities like the S seikan Reverberatory Furnaces, ū 1 built by the Satsuma-han in 1851 without foreign technicians, and the Cantilever Crane, imported from Britain in 1909, have maintained their integral forms from the designated period the 1850s 1910 In terms of the criteria of integrity for UNESCO World Heritage, – candidate sites are required to maintain their original physical integrity. In this context, questions remain as to what state of the candidate site represents its integrity and in what period such integrity was achieved,2 as suggested by the controversy surrounding the Hashima Coal Mine. At its height, Hashima Island with its undersea coal mine had a population density higher than that of Tokyo in the 1960s, but it has remained uninhabited ever since its abandonment in 1974. The island developed into a modern city mainly during the time of Mitsubishi’s management of it from 1914 to 1945. During this time the island was equipped with the first ferroconcrete apartments in Japan in 1916, as well as educational, entertainment, and medical facilities. The narrative of the island’s development have all focused on this period. In general, the integrity of Hashima Island’s industrial development has been sought in its mass consumer culture of the Taish period 1912 26 and in its contribution to military supply industries like coal ō – 1 A form of furnace to melt down metals needed to cast cannon to be used to counter the foreign ships approaching Japan towards the end of the Tokugawa period. Sūseikan is in Kagoshima. 2 강동진 남지현 Gang Dong-jin and Nam Ji-hyeon , , “Critical Review of the Inscription of the Meiji Industrial Sites in the Kyushu and Yamaguchi Region as World Heritage” 일본 큐슈 야마구치 일원 근대화 산업유산군의 세계 문화유산 등재에 대한 비판적 고찰 , National Land Planning 49-2 2014 , 124.國土計劃
