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Title: The 2013 Excavation on Kraskino Balhae Site in Russian Primorsky Krai

ISBN 978-89-6187-354-3 93910

Every summer since its establishment in 2006, the NAHF has sent a team of researchers to the Kraskino Fortress site for excavation and survey. This book is a report on the result of the excavation conducted from the 15th day (Tue) of July to the 15th day (Fri) of August in 2014. One particular result of the 2014 excavation is the confirmation that even the regional fortress was constructed as a planned city with well-defined sections and roads. The Kraskino fortress in Khasan, Primorsky Krai, Russia was home to the administrative office of Yeomju (鹽州), one of the sixty-two provinces of Balhae, and supposedly served as a hub of exchange between Balhae and Silla or Japan. The NAHF's Kraskino fortress excavation project is contributing to proving with academic evidence that Balhae's culture was the continuation of Koguryo's but still had its unique and various elements, and that Balhae was active in exchange with other countries.

List of Pictures
Introduction (Kim, Eun-kuk (金恩國); Jeong Seok-bae (鄭焟培); and E.I. Geliman)

Ⅰ. Characteristics of the Kraskino Fortress and the History of its Research (E.I. Geliman)

1. Location and Characteristics of the Site

2. Research History

Ⅱ. 2013 Excavation on the Kraskino Fortress
(Kim Eun-kuk (金恩國), Jeong Seok-bae (鄭焟培), E.I. Geliman, E.V. Astashenkova, Ya.E. Piskareva)

1. Excavation Methodology
2. Excavation of the Northwestern Part of the Fortress - District 44
3. Excavation of the Northern Part of the Fortress - District 47
4. Conclusion

◇ List of Artifacts Excavated in 2013

Ⅲ. Analysis of the Artifacts (E.I. Gelman, E.V. Astashenkova, Ya.E. Piskareva)

1. Bronze Artifacts
2. Iron and Cast Iron Artifacts
3. Stone Artifacts
4. Earthen Artifacts

Ⅳ. Results of Scientific Research Methods

1. Analysis of Animal Bones Excavated in the Kraskino Fortress (with a focus on those excavated in 2009) (V.E. Omelko, M.A.Vinokurova)
2. Result of a Spore and Pollen Study on the Holocene Layer of the Kraskino Tomb Excavation Area at the Mouth of the Chukanovka River(N.V. Berhoffskaya)
◇ Bibliography
◇ Pictures
◇ Abstract (Kim Eun-kuk (金恩國), Jeong Seok-bae (鄭焟培))