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Title : (Book No. 25 in a translation series by Northeast Asian History Foundation)
The Thought Lineage of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution

Authored by Yamamuro Shinich | Translated by PARK Dong Seong
Northeast Asian History Foundation | Printed on A5 | 335 pages | 14,000 Won | 2010.11.29
ISBN  978-89-6187-199-0-93910

This book is a Korean translation of 《The Thought Lineage of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution》authored by Yamamuro Shinich, Professor (Majoring in the History of Japan's Modern Politics) at the Institute for Research in the Humanities at Kyoto University. In this book (2007), the author calmly but critically examines materials and successfully shows that article 9 of the Japanese constitution did not suddenly appear after Japan's war defeat but it was a result of the peace movements and anti-war thoughts that had been passed on throughout the time and across the borders. Highly assessed by scholars and critics, this book received the 11th Shiba Ryotaro Award in 2008. In this book, the author, as an advocate for the constitution's 9th article, finds and outlines the thought lineage of the peace constitution not just from the traditional thoughts of Europe but also from the flow of Japanese thoughts for peace. Through this book, readers will understand that the 9th article of the Japanese peace constitution was not a result forced by the US, but an own idea of Japanese people, and also will understand that the precious value should be kept by both Japanese people and people in Asia and around the world. This book will also help understand the efforts of those who pursued a different way in contrast to militarism during the modern period of Japan

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Elements of Article 9 and the Basis of the Peace Constitution
Phenomena surrounding Article 9 of the Constitution
   1. The elements and interpretation of Article 9 Interpretation of self-defence war | Meanings of the terms
     used in Article 9
   2. The basic pacifist elements contained in Article 91st element - renouncement of war and removal of
     armaments | 2nd element - international cooperation | 3rd element - people's sovereignty |
     4th element - right for peaceful life | 5th element - anti-war

Chapter 2 Search for the Origins of Article 9 of the Constitution - State and War, Law and Peace
Premises of Peace Theories
   1. War, sovereign state and international lawFollowing the European track | Armistice theory | Sovereign
     state and war indifference theory | Power balance policy
   2. Nation state and conscription systemRousseau's theory of people's sovereignty | People's armed
     forces and nationalism | Japan's conscription system | Nation state and war
   3. The war renouncement article in a constitutionThe French constitution was the first.
   4. The origins of permanent peace ideasAppearance of peace ideas | St. Pierre's 『Project for Perpetual
     Peace in Europe』 | Rousseau's theory on perpetual peace | Kant's 『For Perpetual Peace』 |
     Towards complete abolition of readily available armed forces | Kant's idea of the federation of nations |
     The world citizens' law and international cooperation pursued by Kant

Chapter 3  The Origin of the Thought in Article 9 of the Constitution from the Last Days of the Tokugawa Shogunate to the Start of the Meiji Period
In search of the Japanese origin of the thought
   1. Yokoi Shonan's thought on abolition of warsInternational cooperation as an 'helping international 
     member'
   2. Ono Azusa's thought on the great federation of the worldAn idea obtained from colonized China
   3. Nakamura Masanao's thought on world peacePeace on uniting, harmonious cooperation, friendship and
     fairness
   4. Ueki Emori's thought on the righteous wayInfluence on the Japanese constitution | Global fair
     government and defence of the national constitution
   5. Nishi Amane's thought on conscription and perpetual peaceOn the way to perpetual peace
   6. Nakae Chomin's thought on abolition of armed forces and the 'seed of the thought'Be unarmed 'like a
     wind'

Chapter 4 Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars and a Torrent of Anti-War Thoughts
War period and eruption of anti-war thoughts
   1. An undercurrent of anti-war thoughts - Sino-Japanese WarThe internationally associated firefly glow
     movement and Japanese Peace Society | Tolstoy's anti-war thought | The footprints of Japanese
     Peace Society
   2. Demilitarization thoughts after Sino-Japanese WarDoubt about war victory and appearance of social
     problems | Platform of Social Democratic Party on the complete abolition of arms | Maruyama Kanji's
     denial of the peace with arms | The idealistic group and Tanaka Shozo's no-war thought
   3. Torrent of anti-war thoughts - in the transition period of the centuryPyeongminsa's proposition of 
     disarmament and abolition of war | Abe Isoo's proposition against war and small-state theory |
     Uchimura Kanzo's proposition of unconditional abolition of war | Latency of anti-war thoughts

Chapter 5 Search for International Peace - Toward a Anti-War System
New movement in the war century
   1. Beginning to organize international peaceIn the progress of international exchanges | Hague Peace
     Conference | Japanese interest in mediation system and peace conference
   2. League of Nations - Toward peace through an international organizationTrends after the First World
     War | the Covenant of the League of Nations and prohibition of wars | War responsibilities and
     war crimes
   3. Illegalization of war and the treaty of renunciation of war Efforts for complete abolition of war | treaty of
     renunciation of war | US movement for illegalization of war | Solemn declaration in the name of
     each people
   4. Illegalization of war and self-defence right'War' under the treaty of renunciation of war | Japan's
     exercise of 'self-defence right' | Charter of the United Nations and self-defence right

Chapter 6 Pursuing Abolition of War - Anti-War Thoughts Leading to Article 9 of the Constitution
Taisho democracy and 'the 3rd post-war'
   1. Japan's position on the League of NationsAs an infant of the First World War | Japanese Society for
     the League of Nations
   2. Anti-war thoughts and a chain of peace movementsBarbusse and Clarte Movement | 『People who
     sow seeds』and 『Clarte』 | Women's peace movements linked internationally | Japanese Women's
     Peace Association's proposition on disarmament
   3. Appearances of disarmament and war renunciationSilenced anti-war thoughts | Mizuno Horonori's
     disarmament theory | Complete disarmament by amending the constitution | After the third-time war
     victory

Chapter 7 Appearance of Article 9 of the Constitution - Erupting Anti-War Thoughts in the Lineage
Departure toward the Japanese Constitution
   1. Premises for amendment of the constitutionPotsdam Declaration and Hague Convention | Administrative
     system for the occupation of Japan | Problems of prosecuting the emperor for crimes and amending 
     the constitution | Matsumoto Committee's principles for amendment of the constitution
   2. The drafting process of the war renouncement articleMacArthur's Note | Provisions made by Hussey
     and Kades | Article 8 of the constitution proposed by the headquarters of the Supreme Command for
     the Allied Powers
   3. For establishment of Article 9 in the constitutionFrom 'Draft principles for amendment of the
     constitution' to 'Draft amendment of the constitution' | the constitution in the spoken language of
     Hiragana | Discussions on self-defence in the Imperial Parliament | the truth about Ashida Revision |
     Addition of civil rule provisions
   4. Anti-war thought in Article 9 of the constitutionThe issue about the proposer of Article 9 | War
     renouncement thought after defeat | Shidehara Kijuro's anti-war thought